Since the second half of the 20th century, Heydar Aliyev has stood as one of the most significant figures in Azerbaijan's political history, delivering invaluable service in securing the country’s independence, development, and strengthening its global standing. This article explores his life, political career, and his pivotal role in Azerbaijani history.
Childhood and Youth
Heydar Aliyev was born on May 10, 1923, in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From a young age, he placed great importance on intellectual and educational growth, gaining deep knowledge in history, politics, and governance. In 1944, he began a successful career in state security.
Soviet Era Career
Elected First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1969, Heydar Aliyev significantly advanced the republic's socio-economic development and industrialization. Under his leadership, the Azerbaijan SSR experienced rapid economic growth, the opening of industrial enterprises, and breakthroughs in science and culture. He also implemented reforms in education and healthcare to improve citizens’ well-being.
Heydar Aliyev in the Independent Era
Following the collapse of the USSR and Azerbaijan's independence, the country faced severe challenges. From 1991 to 1993, political turmoil, economic decline, and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict tested the nation. In 1993, responding to the people’s call, Heydar Aliyev returned to power and took crucial steps to stabilize the country.
Economic Reforms and Oil Strategy
One of Aliyev’s greatest achievements was the oil strategy. The signing of the “Contract of the Century” in 1994 transformed Azerbaijan into a major player in the global oil market, attracting billions in investment and laying the foundation for economic growth. Infrastructure projects, roads, industrial enterprises, and social programs followed. Additionally, agricultural reforms improved food security and boosted the agrarian sector.
Reforms in Education, Science, and Culture
Heydar Aliyev prioritized education, founding new universities, launching overseas scholarship programs, and strengthening Azerbaijan’s scientific potential. He also took large-scale measures to preserve national and spiritual values, promoting the country’s cultural and historical heritage globally.
Military Policy and National Army Building
He took serious steps to build a strong, independent army. Under his leadership, the Azerbaijani Armed Forces were formed, with advances in military education and technical capabilities. Defense reforms strengthened national security and protection against external threats.
Foreign Policy and International Relations
Aliyev’s foreign policy was balanced and pragmatic. He secured Azerbaijan’s recognition on the global stage and fostered close ties with European and Asian nations. During his tenure, Azerbaijan joined prestigious organizations such as the UN, OSCE, and OIC, and established partnerships with the EU, CIS, and NATO through strategic agreements.
Social Policy and Public Welfare
His social policy focused on improving the population’s well‑being. Pension and salary reforms were enacted, assistance to low‑income families increased, and major healthcare projects improved medical services. He also emphasized the development of sports and expanded the country’s sports infrastructure.
Legacy and Remembrance
Heydar Aliyev passed away in 2003, yet his ideas and state-building efforts remain deeply embedded in the national consciousness. His vision is continued today by President Ilham Aliyev. Statues, foundations, and museums in Baku and beyond honor his legacy.
Conclusion
Heydar Aliyev was a remarkable statesman whose leadership shaped modern Azerbaijan, strengthened state institutions, and uplifted citizens’ welfare. Under his guidance, Azerbaijan transformed into a respected and powerful nation on the world stage. His legacy will continue to be treasured by the Azerbaijani people for generations.
May his memory be eternal.