The word “arthritis” literally means inflammation of the joints. In fact, joint inflammation is more of a symptom than a specific diagnosis. However, in medical practice, the term “arthritis” is commonly used to describe a wide range of diseases that affect the joints.
Joints—such as the elbow, knee, or shoulder—are the places where two bones meet. There are many types of arthritis, and in some cases the disease is not limited to the joints alone; the eyes, heart, skin, and other internal organs may also be affected.
Thanks to advances in modern medicine, the vast majority of people with arthritis are able to lead active and productive lives.
Types of Arthritis
There are many forms of arthritis. The most common types include:
1. Ankylosing Spondylitis
An inflammatory type of arthritis that mainly affects the spine. Symptoms are especially common in the lower back, where the spine connects to the pelvic bones, and may include:
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pain
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swelling
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redness
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limited mobility
2. Gout
Caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. The big toe is most commonly affected, but other joints may also be involved.
3. Juvenile Arthritis
A general term used to describe forms of arthritis that occur in children and adolescents, characterized by joint inflammation.
4. Osteoarthritis
Most commonly associated with aging and primarily affects:
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the fingers
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the knees
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the hip joints
It may sometimes develop after previous joint injuries.
5. Psoriatic Arthritis
Occurs in people with psoriasis. This form may affect:
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the skin
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the joints
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the areas where tendons attach to bones
6. Reactive Arthritis
Develops as a response to an infection elsewhere in the body. In addition to joint pain, symptoms may include:
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redness of the eyes
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inflammation of the urinary tract
7. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Occurs when the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. It mainly affects:
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the joints of the hands and feet
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sometimes internal organs
Fatigue, weakness, and fever may also be present.
Other Conditions Associated with Arthritis
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus) – a condition in which the immune system damages the joints, skin, heart, and kidneys.
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Infectious Arthritis – joint damage caused by an infection.
Symptoms of Arthritis
Symptoms of arthritis may include:
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pain, redness, swelling, and warmth in the joints
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limited movement
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fever
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weight loss
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shortness of breath
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skin rashes or itching
Note: These symptoms may also be seen in other diseases.
Causes of Arthritis
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Some types of arthritis are linked to genetic predisposition.
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In osteoarthritis, inherited weakness of cartilage tissue may play a role.
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Repeated joint injuries or heavy physical strain can contribute to the development of the disease.
How Is Arthritis Diagnosed?
To diagnose arthritis, a doctor may:
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review the medical history
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perform a physical examination
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order blood tests
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use X-rays or other imaging methods
Treatment of Arthritis
Treatment depends on the type of arthritis and may include the following approaches:
Medication
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pain relievers
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anti-inflammatory drugs
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medications that slow disease progression
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topical creams and ointments
Surgical Treatment
In some severe cases, surgery may be recommended.
Who Treats Arthritis?
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Family physician / general practitioner
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Rheumatologist – a specialist in diseases of the joints, bones, and muscles
Living with Arthritis
Arthritis can be painful, but it is possible to improve quality of life:
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take medications correctly and on time
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engage in regular and safe physical exercise
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use heat and cold therapy
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practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress
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use orthopedic supports to protect the joints
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walking aids and assistive devices can make daily activities easier
Conclusion
Arthritis is a condition that can be managed with proper care and treatment. Early diagnosis, continuous therapy, and a healthy lifestyle help reduce pain and maintain an active life.